Search Results for “diagnostic” – Page 33 – media

US researchers develop algorithm test to identify aggressive ovarian cancers

Researchers from Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine have developed an algorithm to identify high-risk precancerous lesions that lead to ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Published in Clinical Cancer Research, researchers aimed to develop a tool that could detect and stratify serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) based on key genetic alterations and mutations. STICs are lesions that are presumed to be the main precursors of HGSC, the most common form of ovarian cancer in women. Using a technique called Repetitive Element AneupLoidy Sequencing System (RealSeqS), researchers sequenced 150 DNA samples and analysed the level of aneuploidy, missing or extra DNA chromosomes, in STIC versus HGSC and normal-appearing samples. Results showed that STIC samples had more non-random genetic alterations, including whole and partial deletions of chromosome 17 in the tumour suppressor p53 proteins, while normal-appearing samples had low levels of aneuploidy. The team suggests ...
- Source: drugdu
- 83
- March 9, 2024
Simple Blood Test Could Detect Risk of Viral Infection-Induced Cardiac Arrest

Myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart often caused by the body’s immune response to a viral infection, can cause sudden cardiac death. Alarmingly, myocarditis accounts for up to 42% of sudden cardiac deaths in young adults, with viral infection being the primary cause. Traditionally, clinical understanding has focused on how inflammation affects heart rate or rhythm. Now, a new understanding from the latest research suggests completely different directions to diagnose and treat viral infections affecting the heart A new study led by scientists from the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA, USA) has discovered that the virus itself can create dangerous conditions in the heart even before inflammation begins. The study identified an acute phase where the virus first invades the heart, preceding the onset of inflammation due to the body’s immune response. This early infection stage sets the stage for arrhythmias before any tissue inflammation. The ...
- Source: drugdu
- 91
- March 9, 2024
Novel Test Identifies Aggressive Ovarian Cancers Early

Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the predominant form of ovarian cancer affecting women. Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs), which are precancerous lesions on the fallopian tubes, are considered the main precursors of HGSC. Women undergoing salpingectomy, the surgical removal of fallopian tubes, often do so without a detailed examination of these precancerous lesions. The challenge lies in the molecular diversity of STICs and the difficulty in detecting aggressive forms early, owing to their small size. In response to this urgent diagnostic need, researchers have developed an algorithm to identify STICs before they can progress to cancer. This pioneering algorithm, named “REAL-FAST” (RealSeqS-based algorithm for fallopian tube aneuploidy pattern in STIC), was developed by a team at Johns Hopkins Medicine (Baltimore, MD, USA). In a pilot study, REAL-FAST distinguished five unique types of precancerous lesions in fallopian tubes, with two identified as particularly aggressive and often linked to recurrent HGSC. ...
- Source: drugdu
- 124
- March 9, 2024
New Testing Strips to Make Rapid Antigen Testing as Powerful as PCR Testing

During the onset of the pandemic, individuals experiencing symptoms had to endure lengthy queues for lab-based PCR testing and then wait around two days for the results, to confirm if they were infected with the COVID-19 virus. This process was not only inconvenient but also involved complex and costly logistics, contributing to testing delays and increasing the risk of spreading the disease. Now, a newly developed biosensing technology enables the creation of gene test strips that can match the quality of traditional lab-based tests. The new technology developed by a team of biomedical engineers at UNSW Sydney (Sydney, Australia) offers test strips that are as accurate as lab-based PCR tests, with the added advantage of quick, on-site disease detection. Described by the researchers as having “PCR in your pocket,” this advancement holds potential for broad applications in biomedical and environmental diagnostics across various sectors, including food, agriculture, and biosafety management. ...
- Source: drugdu
- 90
- March 8, 2024
Researchers use collected stem cells to grow cell models to advance prenatal medicine

CDH affects one in 5,000 babies born in the UK, impacting the foetus’ development of vital organs Researchers from University College London (UCL) and Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) have developed a new approach to observing human development in late pregnancy to potentially monitor and treat congenital conditions before birth. Published in Nature Medicine, the study used collected stem cells from late pregnancy to create and grow cell models, known as organoids, to retain babies’ biological information. The study of stem cell organoids aims to facilitate the monitoring of foetal development in late pregnancy, model disease progression and test new treatments for diseases including congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Affecting one in 5,000 babies born in the UK, CDH occurs when there is a hole in the diaphragm, which can lead to the foetus’ bowel, stomach or liver being moved into the chest cavity during pregnancy. Researchers extracted and characterised live ...
- Source: drugdu
- 107
- March 8, 2024
Noninvasive, Low-Cost Test Accurately Diagnoses Oral Cancer in 30 Minutes

Oral cancer comprises about 90% of head and neck cancer (HNC), which ranks as the seventh most common type of malignancy globally. HNC constitutes roughly 5% of all cancer cases worldwide, with approximately 640,000 new cases annually, leading to around 350,000 deaths. Its incidence is particularly increasing in developing countries. These cancers predominantly affect socioeconomically disadvantaged populations and underserved communities. Diagnosing oral cancers and precancerous mouth lesions early and accurately presents significant challenges. Traditional biopsy methods are not only expensive and invasive, causing stress and potential complications for patients, but also unfeasible for repeated screenings of the same lesion. Now, researchers have developed a noninvasive, affordable test for detecting oral cancer, monitoring precancerous lesions, and determining the need for a biopsy. The findings of the study by a team of researchers, led by Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland, OH, USA), are based on a novel scoring system that assesses the ...
- Source: drugdu
- 88
- March 7, 2024
Simple Blood Test Measures Repetitive DNA for Early Cancer Detection

Cancer patients can have varying levels of a specific kind of repetitive DNA known as Alu elements in comparison to those without cancer. Despite constituting about 11% of the DNA in humans and other primates, Alu elements have traditionally been considered too complex to be effectively utilized as biomarkers due to their small, repetitive nature. Now, advancements in machine learning can allow for the measurement of these elements through a simple blood draw. Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine (Baltimore, MD, USA) leveraged this insight to improve a test designed for early cancer detection. They began their study with a sample size that was ten times larger than what is usually seen in such research. Alu elements are relatively small, each being about 300 base pairs in length within the vast 2 billion-step DNA ladder. Yet, changes in the proportion of Alu elements in blood plasma are consistent, irrespective of the ...
- Source: drugdu
- 144
- March 7, 2024
Groundbreaking Blood Test Offers Early Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis

Pancreatic cancer ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, primarily due to its late detection. Early discovery of the disease, while it’s still treatable, could significantly impact survival rates. For more than a century, scientists have sought to link cancer with cellular energy production and metabolism. The advent of quantitative mass spectrometry has enabled the testing of many such theories. Now, for the first time, researchers have utilized targeted mass spectrometry to demonstrate that pancreatic cancer stems from changes in cellular metabolism that are detectable using a simple blood test. This method could lead to more precise and earlier diagnoses of pancreatic cancer than currently possible with tumor markers or imaging techniques, potentially paving the way for more timely and appropriate therapeutic interventions. In contrast to genomic approaches that measure DNA for early detection and often struggle with false positives and negatives, mass spectrometry can measure extremely low ...
- Source: drugdu
- 173
- March 6, 2024
Poor spatial navigation could predict Alzheimer’s before symptom onset

Around 900,000 people in the UK are affected by the progressive neurodegenerative disease Researchers from University College London (UCL), in collaboration with the University of Cambridge, have revealed that impaired spatial navigation could determine the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) before the onset of symptoms. Published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, researchers used virtual reality (VR) to test the spatial navigation of 100 asymptomatic adults from the PREVENT-Dementia study. Affecting around 900.000 people in the UK, AD is a neurodegenerative disorder that progressively destroys memory, thinking skills and the ability to carry out simple day-to-day tasks. Researchers recruited adults aged between 43 and 66 years who had a hereditary or physiological risk of AD related to either the APOE-ε4 allele gene, a family history of AD or lifestyle risk factors, including low levels of physical activity, who were around 25 years younger than their estimated ...
- Source: drugdu
- 74
- March 6, 2024
【EXPERT Q&A】How to distinguish a class, Class II, Class III medical devices?

Drugdu.com expert’s response: Medical devices are typically classified into different categories, including Class I, Class II, and Class III, based on their level of risk and intended use. Here is a general overview of how these categories are distinguished: Class I Medical Devices: Class I medical devices are generally considered to have low risk and may have little or no impact on the human body. They typically do not require specialized regulatory controls.These devices include simple, non-invasive devices such as thermometers, disposable gloves, non-invasive blood pressure monitors, etc. Class II Medical Devices: Class II medical devices pose higher risks compared to Class I devices and may have a moderate impact on the human body, requiring stricter regulatory controls.Examples of Class II devices include diagnostic equipment, infusion pumps, medical imaging devices, implantable medical devices, etc. Class III Medical Devices: Class III medical devices carry the highest level of risk and may cause ...
- Source: drugdu
- 169
- March 5, 2024

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