Lung cancer ranks among the most prevalent and fatal cancers worldwide. Current treatment strategies for lung cancer patients rely on pathological examinations, which can reveal genetic mutations specific to the patient’s cancer, facilitating personalized treatment approaches. Over the last few years, pathology has evolved dramatically due to digital advancements, making traditional microscopes obsolete. Tissue samples are now digitized and analyzed via computer screens, which is essential for employing sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI)-based analytical methods. These AI technologies can extract additional insights from pathological tissue sections that were previously unattainable. A team of researchers at the University of Cologne (Cologne, Germany) has developed an AI-driven digital pathology platform that can revolutionize the analysis of lung cancer tissues. This platform utilizes newly developed algorithms to perform fully automated examination of digitized lung cancer tissue sections, offering faster and more precise analyses than traditional methods. Detailed in their publication in the journal Cell ...
Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease that can spread easily between people and from infected animals. The mpox virus was first detected in laboratory monkeys in 1958. The virus is, however, assumed to be transmitted from wild animals such as rodents to people — or from human to human. Symptoms of mpox include fever, chills, headaches, muscle aches, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and a painful rash that characteristically appears as raised bumps on the skin and tends to be distributed on the face, extremities and genitals. As the disease progresses, these bumps fill with pus and fluid and become umbilicated. They will eventually ulcerate, scab, and fall off. Mpox was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) on August 14, 2024. Roche (Basel, Switzerland) has announced that it is supporting the international response to the mpox global health emergency with ...
Though the UK became the first country in Europe to authorize use of Eisai and Biogen’s early Alzheimer’s disease drug, Leqembi (lecanemab), patients in the UK’s National Health Services (NHS) will not gain access to the drug as the anti-amyloid treatment was deemed too costly. As per the 22 August draft guidance consultation released by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), an independent committee found that the cost effectiveness estimates were “considerably above what NICE considers an acceptable use of NHS resources.” The committee cited a lack of evidence on the long-term effects of treatment with Leqembi and the costs of providing treatment infusions, monitoring side effects, and determining when to terminate treatment as uncertainties. According to the guidance, NICE has requested additional information from Eisai and NHS England to address the uncertainties and will consider the additional information alongside stakeholder comments in a second meeting. In ...
Ayear after hedging its bets on Timber Pharmaceuticals’ dermatology pipeline, Leo Pharma has reported a Phase III failure for the lead asset it acquired at the time. TMB-001, a topical ointment formulation of isotretinoin, came up short in the late-stage trial for patients with moderate to severe congenital ichthyosis. Ichthyosis is an umbrella term for congenital skin conditions that cause dry and scaly skin. In the Phase III ASCEND trial (NCT05295732), Leo stated the therapy did not demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in patients compared to those treated with a vehicle. This meant the primary and key secondary endpoints were not met. The results do not support US regulatory submission, the Danish privately owned company stated in a 21 August press release. There is currently no treatment approved for ichthyosis by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Instead, the condition is managed by hydrating the skin with creams and ...
Heart failure is a serious condition where the heart muscle is unable to pump sufficient oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. It ranks as a major cause of death globally and is particularly fatal for individuals without access to medical facilities. Traditionally, heart failure is monitored biannually through a blood test that measures B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, indicating excessive heart strain. Recently, advancements in point-of-care technology aim to revolutionize this approach by introducing simple, at-home saliva tests, allowing frequent monitoring of heart health more regularly than the current every six-month blood test. Until now, the widespread application of portable saliva tests has been hampered by complex production processes and the limited scope of data they can provide, usually restricted to a single biomarker. Now, a team of researchers at Colorado State University (Fort Collins, CO, USA) aims to bring heart failure screening from clinical settings to the home. The team ...
Pathology and tissue analysis are areas poised for transformative advancements. Drug developers and clinicians currently depend on long-established methods for crucial tasks such as diagnosing diseases, quantifying biomarkers, and predicting therapeutic responses. While there have been attempts to innovate by digitizing specimens and adding multiple markers to a single slide, there are still limitations, including the analysis of less than 1% of tissue samples and the inability to depict complex tissue architectures and cellular interactions that are only visible in three dimensions. 3D imaging technology captures significantly more data than traditional slide-based methods by digitizing whole biopsy specimens rather than just thin slices.Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms play a crucial role in quantifying relevant biomarkers and identifying areas for more detailed pathologist examination. Now, a pioneering 3D spatial biology platform can digitize entire tissue specimens quickly and non-destructively while providing AI-enabled quantitative analysis. This technology enhances the precision ...
A study led by researchers at the University of Leeds has revealed that a new artificial intelligence (AI) test to determine the risk of recurring bowel cancers could help patients avoid chemotherapy. The findings published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology Production could help doctors when deciding whether a patient needs chemotherapy following bowel cancer surgery. Found anywhere in the large bowel, bowel cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, with 1.9 million cases diagnosed in 2020. In the UK alone, bowel cancer is the fourth most common cancer, affecting over 250,000 people. Researchers aimed to establish whether the number of CD3 cells within tumours could be used to predict the risk of a tumour coming back after surgery. In previous studies, bowel and rectal tumours with higher numbers of CD3 immune cells, which attack the cancer and help the body tackle the disease, have been ...
Researchers from McMaster University have received $6.7m from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research to assess the effectiveness of a smallpox vaccine in providing protection against mpox after post-exposure. Beginning in August, the Smallpox Vaccine for Mpox Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (SMART) will assess the effectiveness of the Bavarian Nordic smallpox vaccine, MVA-BN, in more than 1,500 participants in households with laboratory-confirmed mpox infection at sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Uganda and Nigeria. Mpox is a disease caused by infection with a virus known as the monkeypox virus, which is part of the same family as the virus that causes smallpox. Symptoms include fever and headache, as well as painful lesions. In some cases, the disease can lead to bronchopneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis, loss of vision and even death. In the DRC, between June 2023 and 2024, ...
A study led by King’s College London (KCL) has revealed that Black patients are less likely to be underdiagnosed with a common type of heart failure when using artificial intelligence (AI), compared to in routine practice. The research, funded by the British Heart Foundation, could help researchers understand the extent of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) underdiagnosis across ethnicities, as well as reduce bias and improve diagnoses. Heart failure is estimated to affect more than one million people in the UK, 50% of whom have HFpEF, which occurs when the heart pumps out blood normally but cannot fill up as well, leading to signs and symptoms of failure such as breathlessness, fatigue and dizziness. Using an AI algorithm called Natural Language Processing (NLP), which reads and understands medical text and analyses electronic medical records, researchers identified nearly 1,973 patients who met the current European Society of Cardiology guidelines ...
Scientists at the Francis Crick Institute have revealed how cells ‘raise the alarm’ when acids leak out of their compartments if damaged or infected with bacteria or a virus, which could be useful in developing new drugs. The study published in Molecular Cell reveals that one protein known as V1H, which brings in machinery required for autophagy – the degradation of parts of the cell – is involved in this process. Cells in the body need acidic compartments for digestion and recycling nutrients, of which acid is pumped into them by a group of proteins called the V-ATPase or the ‘proton pump’. When the cells are damaged or infected, acid leaks out of these compartments and cells need to be able to detect this. The new study has revealed how cells are able to detect acid leaks and that the V-ATPase complex is able to raise the alarm if the ...
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