Scientists from the UK’s Dementia Research Institute at University College London (UCL) and VIB-KU Leuven have discovered the cause of the death of neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), opening up potential avenues to develop new treatments for the condition. The researchers found that a programmed form of cell death, known as necroptosis, is initiated when neurons are exposed to amyloid plaques and tau tangles. The researchers created a new model to replicate and connect AD hallmark features – amyloid plaques, tau tangles, and death of neurons – by implanting both healthy human and mouse neurons into the brains of AD mouse models. They discovered that only human neurons displayed Alzheimer’s features, including tau tangles and neuronal cell loss. These findings suggest that humans have specific factors that play in Alzheimer’s that standard mouse models cannot replicate, as their neurons are more resilient to amyloid pathology. Upon further research, the team ...
By Tristan Manalac Pictured: Illustration of amyloid oligomers/iStock, selvanegra A follow-on analysis of a landmark Phase IIb/III study showed that Anavex Life Sciences’ investigational drug blarcamesine significantly slowed down cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the company announced Thursday. At 48 weeks, the change in the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale version 13 (ADAS-Cog13) scores in blarcamesine-treated patients was significantly better than placebo comparators. Blarcamesine was likewise significantly better than placebo when cognition was evaluated using the Clinical Dementia Rating scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) scale, according to Anavex’s news release. The company bolstered these clinical findings with biomarker data, which showed that blarcamesine treatment resulted in a significant drop in pathological amyloid beta levels and a corresponding improvement in Aβ42/40 ratio, pointing to the molecule’s strong anti-amyloid potential. Anavex’s drug candidate also resulted in lower brain volume loss versus placebo. When it came to safety, the most common ...
By Claire Jarvis Pictured: Close-up of an arm receiving a blood draw/iStock, montiannoowong Prior to the approval of effective therapies for Alzheimer’s disease, there was little need for biomarker tests. Now, with Eisai and Biogen’s anti-amyloid drug Leqembi on the market and approval of Eli Lilly’s donanemab expected to follow soon, the pipeline of Alzheimer’s drugs is expanding and the development of tests to detect the disease is accelerating. With Leqembi’s full approval, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has instituted broader coverage of the drug—with stipulations. To ensure reimbursement, physicians must participate in a qualified registry and patients must be diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia with evidence of beta-amyloid deposits. To help facilitate this, CMS proposed in July 2023 to increase its coverage of PET scans to detect these amyloid plaques—however, cheaper and faster diagnostic methods are still being developed. The past ...
By Tristan Manalac Monday, Quest Diagnostics launched the AD-Detect Test, a direct-to-consumer blood test designed to catch abnormal levels of the beta-amyloid protein to assess a patient’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. According to Quest, AD-Detect is the first direct-to-consumer blood-based biomarker test for Alzheimer’s disease, though the company is quick to point out that it is not a diagnostic test. “Only a physician or healthcare professional can provide an Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis,” the company said in its announcement. “The risk of having Alzheimer’s disease as the underlying cause for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia should be considered in conjunction with the findings from medical and family history, physicals, nutritional deficiency biomarkers, neurological and neuropsychological examinations, and neuroimaging,” according to Quest. AD-Detect works by measuring two types of beta-amyloid biomarkers in the blood and determining the beta-amyloid 42/40 ratio, a validated tool used to assess a patient’s risk of ...
The secret to protecting your memory may be a staple of a bodybuilder’s diet. RUSH researchers recently discovered that a muscle-building supplement called beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, also called HMB, may help protect memory, reduce plaques and ultimately help prevent the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. HMB is not a prescription drug or a steroid, but an over-the-counter supplement that is available in sports and fitness stores. Bodybuilders regularly use HMB to increase exercise-induced gains in muscle size and strength while improving exercise performance. HMB is considered safe even after long-term use, with no known side effects. “This may be one of the safest and the easiest approaches to halt disease progression and protect memory in Alzheimer’s disease patients,” said Kalipada Pahan, PhD, the Floyd A. Davis, MD, Professor of Neurology and professor of neurological sciences, biochemistry and pharmacology at RUSH Medical College. Studies in mice with Alzheimer’s disease ...
by Rush University Medical Center Graphical abstract. Credit: Cell Reports (2023). DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112717 RUSH researchers recently discovered that a muscle-building supplement called beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, also called HMB, may help protect memory, reduce plaques and ultimately help prevent the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Results from the study were published in Cell Reports. HMB is not a prescription drug or a steroid, but an over-the-counter supplement that is available in sports and fitness stores. Bodybuilders regularly use HMB to increase exercise-induced gains in muscle size and strength while improving exercise performance. HMB is considered safe even after long-term use, with no known side effects. “This may be one of the safest and the easiest approaches to halt disease progression and protect memory in Alzheimer’s disease patients,” said Kalipada Pahan, Ph.D., the Floyd A. Davis, MD, Professor of Neurology and professor of neurological sciences, biochemistry and pharmacology at RUSH Medical College. Reduces plaques ...
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals’ investigational RNAi therapeutic has shown promise in patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease, according to phase 1 results presented by the company at this year’s Alzheimer’s Association International Conference (AAIC). Interim results from the early-stage study showed that a single injection of ALN-APP, which is designed to switch off the production of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the central nervous system, was able to rapidly reduce levels of the protein, with clinical effect sustained over six months. ALN-APP is being developed in collaboration with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals for both Alzheimer’s disease and the related disorder cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and is now the first investigational RNAi therapeutic to demonstrate gene silencing in the human brain. “We’ve known for decades that mutations that increase APP production, or alter its proteolysis, cause early-onset Alzheimer’s disease, early-onset CAA or both,” said Dr Sharon Cohen, neurologist and medical director, Toronto ...
Acumen Pharmaceuticals has presented positive topline results from an early-stage study of its investigational Alzheimer’s disease therapy at this year’s Alzheimer’s Association International Conference (AAIC). The drug, ACU193, works by targeting and binding to amyloid beta oligomers, a toxic and soluble version of the amyloid protein that forms brain plaques associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Results from the phase 1 randomised, placebo-controlled INTERCEPT-AD study of 62 patients with early Alzheimer’s disease showed the candidate was generally well tolerated throughout both single-ascending and multiple-ascending dose cohorts. Patients who received higher doses of the drug also showed a reduction in amyloid plaque after six to 12 weeks, the company said, adding that the study suggests the drug can be given as a monthly intravenous infusion. Commenting on the positive results, Acumen’s president and chief executive officer, Daniel O’Connell, said: “ACU193’s observed dose-related central target engagement, rapid reduction of ...
Alzheimer’s disease patients in the earliest stages of their disease benefited the most from Eli Lilly drug donanemab, which is expected to receive an FDA decision by the end of 2023. Full results from the drug’s pivotal study were presented during the during the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. Eli Lilly has submitted its Alzheimer’s disease drug candidate for FDA review, and the pharmaceutical giant is now revealing a more complete look at the clinical data supporting an application that could make the therapy the second anti-amyloid antibody to win full regulatory approval. Lilly had previously said its drug, donanemab, led to a 35% slowing in the decline associated with Alzheimer’s. Those results were for patients with intermediate levels of tau, another protein that’s also characteristic of Alzheimer’s progression. In patients with low-to medium-levels of tau, representing an earlier stage of the disease, treatment with the Lilly drug led to a ...
After a full FDA approval last week triggered Medicare coverage of Eisai and Biogen’s Leqembi, doctors are still trying to work out the logistics of testing and reimbursement. But at least two experts remain positive about the drug’s efficacy and safety profile.The new Leqembi label carries a boxed warning about the risks of brain bleeding and swelling known as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). But two Alzheimer’s opinion leaders suggested the side effect is manageable typically by extensive monitoring in the first six months, Leerink Partners analysts said in a Wednesday note. But the two experts were split on whether they intend to treat patients with the ApoE ε4 genetic trait. The FDA label requires testing for that biomarker before initiating Leqembi to inform the risk of ARIA. While one expert felt comfortable giving Leqembi to APOE4 carriers as long as the patients are informed of the risk, the other ...
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