The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Wellcome have joined forces to fund the late-stage development of what could be the first tuberculosis (TB) vaccine in over a century. TB is a bacterial infection spread by inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person. Despite being both curable and preventable, the disease continues to affect around ten million people every year, and 1.6 million people died from it in 2021, almost entirely in low and middle-income countries. The only TB vaccine in use today, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), was first used in 1921. It helps protect babies and young children against severe systemic forms of TB, but offers limited protection against pulmonary TB – a form of active TB – among adolescents and adults. The Gates Foundation and Wellcome will invest around $550m to support the phase 3 trial of the M72/AS01E (M72) vaccine, which will be ...
Updated dose expansion data of the phase I STRO-002-GM1 study have been presented today by Ana Oaknin, Principal Investigator of the Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology’s (VHIO) Gynecological Malignancies Group, on the ground at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2-6 June in Chicago, USA. This global study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the novel FolRα-targeting antibody drug conjugate (ADC) luveltamab tazevibulin (STRO-002 – luvelta) in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer with identified expression levels of folate receptor alpha (FolRα) higher than 25%. This ADC induces cytotoxic and immunologic cell death, and using site-specific conjugation technology and is designed to target a broad range of FolRα-expressing ovarian tumors. “Folate receptor alpha is a folate-binding protein overexpressed on ovarian and several other epithelial malignancies. Its overexpression in solid tumors promotes cancer cell proliferation and persists in metastatic or recurrent disease ...
Weeks after Gilead Sciences prevailed over the U.S. government in a high-stakes HIV patent case, patient advocates are backing the U.S.’ push to appeal. In a letter to Attorney General Merrick Garland and Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Xavier Becerra, more than 30 organizations said they “commend the decision” by the Department of Justice (DOJ) to keep fighting in the case. After the recent trial went in Gilead’s favor on May 9, the DOJ is seeking a new trial, according to the letter. The groups said they “strongly support HHS’s and DOJ’s decision to contest the surprising verdict,” arguing that the government’s case remains “fundamentally strong.” The U.S. first sued Gilead in 2019, saying that taxpayers funded research in the early 2000s that eventually went into the company’s lucrative HIV prevention medicines. U.S. officials said they sought to license the patented technology to Gilead for many years ...
States with restrictive gun laws have lower rates of assault-related firearm deaths among youths, but youths from socially vulnerable communities are disproportionately impacted across the spectrum of state gun laws, according to a study published online May 24 in JAMA Network Open. Eustina G. Kwon, M.D., M.P.H., from Seattle Children’s Hospital, and colleagues assessed the rate of death due to assault-related firearm injury by community-level social vulnerability and state-level gun laws. The Gun Violence Archive was used to identify all 5,813 assault-related firearm deaths among U.S. youths (aged 10 to 19 years) between Jan. 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022. The researchers found that the death rate in the low social vulnerability index (SVI) cohort was 1.2 per 100,000 person-years versus 2.5 in the moderate SVI cohort, 5.2 in the high SVI cohort, and 13.3 in the very high SVI cohort. Comparing the very high to the low SVI cohort, ...
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The World Health Organization on Saturday launched a global network to help swiftly detect the threat from infectious diseases, like COVID-19, and share the information to prevent their spread. The International Pathogen Surveillance Network (IPSN) will provide a platform for connecting countries and regions, improving systems for collecting and analyzing samples, the agency said. The network aims to help ensure infectious disease threats are swiftly identified and tracked and the information shared and acted on to prevent catastrophes like the COVID pandemic. The network will rely on pathogen genomics to analyze the genetic code of viruses, bacteria and other disease-causing organisms to understand how infectious and deadly they are and how they spread. The data gathered will feed into a broader disease surveillance system used to identify and track diseases, in a bid to contain outbreaks and to develop treatments and vaccines. ‘Ambitious’ goals WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus hailed ...
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Thursday urged gay men and other individuals at high risk from mpox to get fully vaccinated to prevent a summer resurgence of the virus. The CDC’s call for those at risk to get up to date on their vaccines comes after a cluster of at least 21 mpox cases was reported in the Chicago area this month. Many of the people who caught mpox in the Chicago cluster were partially or fully vaccinated against the virus, raising questions about whether immunity from the shots might wane over time. The patients in the Chicago cluster all have mild symptoms, said Demetre Daskalakis, deputy head of the White House mpox task force, on a call with reporters Thursday. Daskalakis said no vaccine is perfect but people who have received two doses have a much lower risk of catching and spreading the disease. Vaccination also ...
In a recent study published in the journal Eurosurveillance, researchers performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) on 874 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates carrying the bla NDM-5 gene, which encodes New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-5. They retrieved the study sample set from 13 European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) countries between 2012 and June 2022. Background In a survey of carbapenem- and/or colistin-resistant Enterobacterales (CCRE survey) performed across 36 European countries in 2019, researchers detected 62 of 201 carbapenemase-producing E. coli isolates carrying NDM-5 encoding gene ‘blaNDM-5’ in 15 countries. Additionally, they observed that some of these 62 E. coli isolates belonged to high-risk sequence types (STs), which increased the risk of extraintestinal infections. Since these findings were concerning, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) requested further investigation into the matter. About the study In the present study, researchers initiated the collection of WGS and epidemiological data on bla ...
For individuals with depression, the most common causes of hospitalization are endocrine, musculoskeletal, and vascular diseases, according to a study published online May 3 in JAMA Psychiatry. Philipp Frank, Ph.D., from University College London, and colleagues examined the association between depression and physical conditions requiring hospitalization in a prospective multicohort study. The primary analysis was based on data from the U.K. Biobank (130,652 individuals), and analyses were repeated in an independent dataset of two cohorts in Finland (109,781 individuals). The researchers found that severe/moderately severe depression was associated with the incidence of 29 nonoverlapping conditions requiring hospital treatment during five years of follow-up in the main analysis. After adjustment for confounders and multiple testing, 25 of these associations remained (adjusted hazard ratio range, 1.52 to 23.03) and were confirmed in the independent dataset. The highest cumulative incidence was seen for endocrine and related internal organ diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and diseases of the circulatory system and blood (245, ...
In an 11-year study, researchers at the National Institutes of Health have further characterized idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL), a rare immune deficiency that leaves people vulnerable to infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancers. Researchers observed that people with the most severe cases of ICL had the highest risk of acquiring or developing several of the diseases associated with this immune deficiency. This study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, was led by Irini Sereti M.D., M.H.S. and Andrea Lisco, M.D., Ph.D. of the HIV Pathogenesis Section in the Laboratory of Immunoregulation at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases (NIAID), part of NIH, and conducted at the NIH Clinical Center. ICL is a condition marked by too few CD4+ T-cells, which are a type of white blood cell. The clinical definition of ICL is a CD4+ T-cell count of less than 300 cells per cubic ...
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